Summary of ‘Why Are There No Arab Democracies Essay

Larry Diamonds presentation explores the question of why there are no Arab democracies in the Middle East and North Africa. He shows us the relatively stagnant levels of democratic freedoms that have been the norm in the region for the past several decades. Diamond gives us a multitude of potential explanations for the absence of a sustainable democracy. His first explanation implicates that there must be something within the Islam or Arab culture or religion, that prevents the formation of a democratic society. Because as Alfred Stepan and Graeme Robertson stated, the â€Å"democracy gap† among states in the world is an Arab gap much more than a â€Å"Muslim† gap as there are eight, non-Arab Muslim-majority states that have democratic†¦show more content†¦Diamond states this as a sum up of this theory, â€Å"There is, then, an economic basis for the absence of democracy in the Arab world. But it is structural. It has to do with the ways in which oil distorts the state, the market, the class structure, and the entire incentive structure. Particularly in an era of high global oil prices, the effects of the oil curse are relentless: Not a single one of the 23 countries that derive most of their export earnings from oil and gas is a democracy today.† Diamond’s third notion came from a variety of political and institutional problems that are one the main obstacles for the Middle East region. For one, these regimes have become extremely adept at repressing anyone who speaks against them within their societies. For another, they have started to use short bursts of political reform to relieve temporary demands for reform while leaving intact executive monopolies over state resources. Further, they efficiently divide opposition parties and civic forces, often by imposing electoral rules and regulations that make it impossible for civil society-which is generally weak and fragmented-to, mount concerted campaigns against the state apparatus. Diamond’s last explanation speaks on the dual issues of Islamism and the Arab-Israeli conflict, and how it plays into each side’s regime survival strategy. Authoritarian incumbents play up theShow MoreRelatedThe Realist Theory Of International Relations1545 Words   |  7 Page sWhen â€Å"Arab spring† started to influence various countries in Middle East and North Africa with domino effect in 2010, Libya was one of these countries. There were uprisings in the regions because of the bad economic conditions, lack of the democracy, human rights, and people’s demand for democracy of the cruel dictators. The demands or discomforts were same in Libya, but process of the Muammar al-Gaddafi ’s regime’s end was different from others as it was intervened by coalition states and NATO.Read MoreThe Implications of the Israel/ Palestine Conflict Essay examples809 Words   |  4 Pagesmy best friend’s experience. I didn’t have any idea whatsoever about the Israel-Palestinian issue, in fact I was clueless about all the ciaos in the media about the war. I came to knew about this issue when in my junior year of high school I met my Arab friend, she was such a fun person to be around. Every time I asked about where she was from she just said Palestine and I would ask her â€Å"Is that even a country†. Later I came to know that Israel and Palestine were same. Until then I used to only knowRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The State Of Israel Rich 2607 Words   |  11 PagesSummary and Analysis of the Mazie Book The state of Israel—rich in tradition and innovation, has in its short existence been one of the most politically interesting phenomenons in the modern world. The state, since the signing of the Declaration of Establishment in 1948 has created a specific form of democracy not seen among many countries throughout the world; democracy which incorporates religious law as well as judicial and social law. Within Israel’s Higher Law, written by Steven V. Mazie,Read MoreThroughout history, mankind has often ventured to spread its faith to the non-believers of the2900 Words   |  12 PagesThroughout history, mankind has often ventured to spread its faith to the non-believers of the world. In the modern world, religion has been replaced by democracy, liberalism and capitalism and the United States as â€Å"the leader of the free world† has taken it upon herself to convert the rest of the world. Historically, the United States has preferred to operate in isolation, on ly getting involved in North and South American affairs. This paradigm shifted after World War II, when the United StatedRead MoreWhat Grounds Are There For Thinking That Nuclear Proliferation1677 Words   |  7 Pagesas structural realism) Kenneth Waltz believed that states act in their own self-interests within an anarchical system – not in the sense of chaos, but in the sense that no higher power exists above state actors. In a Foreign Policy article entitled â€Å"Why Iran Should Get the Bomb†, Waltz argued that Iran should obtain a nuclear weapon to balance Israel’s nuclear capability (currently the only nuclear power in the region), and asserts that nuclear balancing would bring stability to the Middle East (WaltzRead MoreThe Invasion Of Iraq By The United States Essay1847 Words   |  8 PagesOver the previous two decades, the number of countries acquiring a democratic regime has increased dramatically. Democracy is a political regime allowing a syste m of government that is based on the belief of freedom and equal justice. Power is held by elected representatives through free and fair elections, resulting in a system that reflects the people’s choices. Democratic countries rarely, if ever, wage war on each other and tend to resolve disputes in a more peaceful manner rather than declaringRead MoreWoman at Point Zero Summary5789 Words   |  24 PagesWoman at Point Zero Summary Table of Contents BookRags Encyclopedia Entry....................................................................................1 Woman at Point Zero............................................................................................1 Copyright Information..........................................................................................1 Woman at Point Zero Summary ..................................................................................2Read MoreThe Coffee, Tea, And Coca Cola1462 Words   |  6 PagesSummary- Coffee, Tea, and Coca-Cola. Three different drinks. Each one has its own taste, color, and appeal. What do they all share in common? After reading about about each drink, three themes become apparent. The first theme I noticed was the importance of the community where the drink is being drunk. When reading about coffee, coffeehouses was the place to be. Coffeehouses were not only the place to drink coffee, but also the source of information in the Age of Reason. New ideas and inventionsRead MoreEssay on Women in Afghanistan1708 Words   |  7 Pagesand my generation as a country ruled by the Taliban. Many of the stereotypes and stigmas Westerners put on conservative Islam stem from the images our media has covered regarding the Taliban rule. First, I will go through a brief explanation and summary of the Taliban organization to gain a framework. The Taliban: The Taliban is an Islamic movement, which ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996-2001. Most of the leaders, including the founder of the movement, Mullah Mohammed Omar, were simpleRead MoreEssay on The Power of the internet and Social Media2525 Words   |  11 Pages Contemporary social movements such as Arab Spring and Kony 2012 use the Internet and social media as potential tools towards change. But why are some more successful than others. This paper argues that when news outlets see the potential for change, they â€Å"premediate† (Richard Grusin) its possibilities, and make that change ever more possible in their coverage. On the other hand, extant stories that are more reactionary do not get the same amount of new exposure, and remain static. In other

To Stop the Rape Culture Essay examples - 852 Words

It is not uncommon in this day and age to hear someone say, â€Å"Well if she wasn’t dressed like that,† or â€Å"she was drunk and asking for it,† when you hear the unfortunate story of another girl being the victim of sexual assault or rape. It is likewise as common for these crimes to go unreported, due to the victims feeling they will not be believed, or become subject to further shame and humiliation. This is because of the idea of â€Å"rape culture,† a term coined in the 1970’s during the second wave of feminism. It suggests that the reason that these actions and concepts are so commonplace is because they are things ingrained into our collective psyches from a very early age. As a victim and survivor myself, I believe that this needs to change.†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"1 in 4† refers to the accepted â€Å"figure on womens rape victimization cited in womens studies departments, rape crisis centers, womens magazines, and on protest buttons and posters.† Sommers explains the â€Å"1 in 8† as such: â€Å"The other frequently cited nongovernment rape study, the National Womens Study, was conducted by Dean Kilpatrick. From an interview sample of 4,008 women, the study projected that there were 683,000 rapes in 1990. As to prevalence, it concluded that in America, one out of every eight adult women, or at least 12.1 million American women, has been the victim of forcible rape sometime in her lifetime.† - Sommers Sommers explains that rape has been allowed to continue as it has because, in our society, women are naturally supposed to be seen as victims to male desire, of any sort. Rape is â€Å"normal male behavior,† and they simply can’t help how virile they are. In spite of the fact that politicians claim to be trying to stop this, they seriously misuse the funds they are granted, and we end up right where we started. In December of 2012, when Americans learned of a ga ng-rape case involving a 23 year old woman in India, people were utterly outraged. But shortly after the massive backlash the news media received, other stories that were similar came out, such as the Steubenville RapeShow MoreRelatedRape Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages Rape affects the mind, body, and soul of a person deeper than one can imagine, and must be taken more seriously. Many victims feel afraid to report rape because they are terrified of being judged by people, labeled by society, or even harmed by their rapists. Also, the media distorts the idea of rape. Many of the jokes people make and the slang society uses across social media reflect rape and rape culture. Although, not only do the people disregard rape, the justice system does not take it seriouslyRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Rape Culture in Modern Society 1107 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom of expression, statistics show rape and sexual assault numbers have risen due to the presence of rape culture in moder n society. Rape culture promotes more assaults and violent acts, not only towards women but also towards men. Some evidence rape culture is present in today’s society are rising statistics showing that only three out of a hundred rapists see jail time and that over 17 million American women are victims of sexual assault every year. Rape culture is seen in every aspect of daily AmericanRead MoreRape Culture : It Is Believable Or Not1537 Words   |  7 PagesBrown Mrs.Gallos English 3 24 April 17 Rape Culture Whether it is believable or not, rape culture exists in our everyday life, our society, our schools, our colleges, in our country, and anywhere on Earth. It is a problem that has always been around, but it just was not given a name. Rape culture is defined as, â€Å"A society or environment whose prevailing social attitudes have the effect of normalizing or trivializing sexual assault and abuse.† (â€Å"Rape) An example of how this would play out in ourRead MoreRape Culture Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesRape culture is prevalent on all college campuses, and many fail to realize this and what rape culture is. It is in the party scene, athletics, in dorm rooms, and everywhere else around campus. It is the acceptance of sexual jokes, saying â€Å"she was asking for it because of what she was wearing,† not taking sexual assault seriously, and so much more. Rape Culture is an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popularRead MoreRape Culture1369 Words   |  6 PagesIt is six o’clock in the evening, a special news segment on world affairs is on the television. The journalist is doing a piece on inhumane practices that occur in third world countries, one of these travesties being rape. The voices of women who have been stolen from their homes and have been taken advantage of against their own will infiltrate the air. These personal stories have an incredulously powerful impact on those listening and make one think â€Å"How could such an outrageous thing happen?†Read MoreRape in Society1097 Words   |  5 PagesA cause of rape culture is the objectification and domination of woman. Men are taught to assert their dominance and superiority, and some will do that with or without consent. Men see women as objects waiting to be used and conq uered whether it is at home, the work place, or in the media. A woman’s body is not her own, but merely used for the pleasure of a man. A solution to this problem would not be, telling women what to wear, how to act and what they can or cannot do; but it is teaching malesRead MoreA Norm Is A Standard Behavior That Is Expected From A Group1130 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture has set for them. Culture seems to have a major influence on people’s cognition. Ethan Watters believes that culture influences people. In â€Å"Being Weird†, Watters explores anthropologist Joe Henrich’s research on how culture shapes the world around us. Julia Serano also talks about culture in her essay â€Å"Why Nice Guys Finish Last†. Serano addresses how sexuality culture shapes the mindset of male and female, and the issues it creates in society. She goes on to argue how rape culture is normalizedRead MoreRape Culture in the Media Essay750 Words   |  3 Pages "Rape Culture is an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture† (1a) Today you cant turn the television on without hearing references to rape culture. Jokes about sexual abuse plague every sitcom and news channels question rape victim’s every move. Even entire shows are dedicated to the topic such as Law and Order SVU. The media trivializes rape leading to a rape culture in America. Despite rape cultureRead MoreRape Culture Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pages For centuries, rape culture has not been clearly defined by ideas, beliefs, or attitudes. As a pretty controversial subject, there is no correct definition for the term â€Å"rape culture†. It is generally defined by the way a person perceives rape, and for that reason, there are many beliefs towards rape. Rape is generally unlawful and unwanted sexual intercourse between any person. In this shocking world today, most perpetrators of sexual assaults are caused by heterosexual men, and for the most partRead MoreThe Realities of Rape Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesis dragging you. Everything spins. You cry out for help and howl with pain. You hit your attacker around the face. There is a struggle, but he easily overpowers you. He takes off your clothes and binds your wrists to you head. The blows do not stop. Everything goes black. When you wake up, you are in the hospital and are told you have b een raped, and severely beaten. You suffered severe hypothermia, blood loss, a fractured skull, and have been in a coma. You cannot remember what happened

Analysis and Summary of Flight Essay - 663 Words

Activity #1 FLIGHT A kid named Zits who lives in seattle, whose only fifteen years old. He’s tall, skinny, ugly, and is sometimes mean. Also he has forty-seven zits and that’s where he gets his name from. Zits is Irish, Indian and is a foster child. He had been in twenty different foster homes and in twenty-two different schools. He also likes to run away from the homes. One morning he’s in a new foster home and wakes up, and walks downstairs. â€Å"Goodmorning† said, the foster mom. Zits just look at her like he didnt care what she said, then the foster Dad told Zits to reply to the foster mom. â€Å"No† Zits said. After that they got into an argument†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Kid wake up† is what Zits heard as he awakens. when he looks in the mirror he doesn’t see himself, but sees a another person. A man in the other room keeps calling him â€Å"Hank†. â€Å"that isn’t my name†, Zits sa ys to himself. So Zits checks his wallet for an I.D, and as he finds it he sees that this Hank person is a FBI agent. As he steps out the door Zits see a sign that says â€Å"Red River Motor Inn†. when he see this sign he remembers the civil war in Red Rivers. As Zits tells his partner Arts about this war in 1975, Arts looks at him like he was a ghost and tells Hanks(Zits) that it is 1975. In Zits mind he thinks he is in hell because he remembers getting shot and dying. â€Å"Am i in hell† he ask. As a response Arts says â€Å" im sorry, but i think your mind just snapped†. The next day Hank(Zits) wakes up in the hospital. Arts tells him that he passed out on the job and had been brought to the hospital. He falls asleep again and when we wakes up he doesn’t wake up in the hospital but in the middle of a indian camp. As he is looking around he see that he is a little boy indian. A man is waving at him to come over here. â€Å"thats probably this little bo ys father† says Zits. But he cant hear anything, and wonders why? Zits finally realizes that this is where the indians get slaughtered by the U.S cavalry soldiers. He was right they had came but they was out number and the indians. When he close his eyes anShow MoreRelatedTransatlantic Airlines report Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Executive summary We have analyzed the existing booking policy of TransAtlantic Airlines and identified potential cost saving. The implementation of the suggested new booking policy would lead to reduction of total expected costs per flight on average by  £8,100. Furthermore, the new policy would increase the predictability of total costs per flight. With 90% confidence new costs will be in a range  £750 and  £4,800 as compared to the current range of  £1,900 to  £20,300. The comparativeRead MoreJetblue Airlines Strategy Audit Report1536 Words   |  7 Pagesdrop by the major benefactor JP Morgan to pull its share ($20 million of the total $128 million) of the airline s initial funding unless the name was changed. JetBlue founded itself as being a low cost airline with the best amenities, such as in-flight entertainment, TV at every seat, and Sirius XM satellite radio. In late September 1999, the airline moved into some prime real estate with landing a gate at the John F. Kennedy International Airport. On October 22, 2008, JetBlue opened its new hubRead MoreFlight Centre1695 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Contents Executive Summary 1 Findings 2 Discussion 4 CONCLUSION 7 Recommendation 7 Implementation 8 References 8 Executive Summary This report contains analysis on Flight Centre’s customer experience survey conducted in Australia. The report has been divided into three main sections. The first section lists the important facts, findings from the case study. This is further elaborated to list key challenges faced by Flight Centre. Based on the facts and key challenges alternative solutions haveRead MoreTap Air Portugal Interium Report Essays1721 Words   |  7 Pages 1 Summary 4 2 The Airline Industry Analysis 5 2.1 The Industry Competitive Analysis 5 2.1.1 Potential New entrants 5 2.1.2 Power of buyers 5 2.1.3 Power of Suppliers 5 2.1.4 Substitutes 5 2.1.5 Rivalry 6 3 Strategic Groups 6 4 External Factors that can affect the industry 7 4.1 Political and Legal 7 4.2 Economical 7 4.3 Social 7 4.4 Technological 7 4.5 Environmental 8 5 Key Factors of success in the industry 8 6 Key drivers of change in the industry 8 7 TAP internal analysis 9 Read MoreBaggage Complaints Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesthat occasional problems are inevitable. Flights can be delayed or cancelled due to weather conditions, mechanical problems, or labor strikes, and baggage can be lost, delayed, damaged, or pilfered. Given that many airlines are now charging for bags, issues with baggage are particularly annoying. Baggage problems can have a serious impact on customer loyalty, and can be costly to the airlines (airlines often have to deliver bags). Air carriers report flight delays, cancellations, overbookings, lateRead MoreContinental Airlines Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesprofitability issues at Continental Airlines and to estimate the costs for 2009 to forecast the future outlook of the company. To address these issues, I used regression analysis to observe what effect the 11% reduction in flying capacity would have on the firm’s future operating costs. I also used the results from the regression analys is to verify the costs that, if reduced, would further comply with the implementation of cost-cutting initiatives and operational efficiencies that the company is strivingRead MoreJetblue Airways: Crafting and Executing Strategy1296 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p. 6 Summary†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...p. 7 References.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p. 8 JETBLUE AIRWAYS INTRODUCTION JetBlue Airways Corporation got its start on February 11, 2000, and has since grown exponentially from the mere beginnings of $160 million. The company prides itself on standing out from the crown, offering leather seating, personal Televisions, and the option to choose â€Å"point-to-point† flights, just to name a few (SlideSahre.net,Read MoreAmerican Airlines Case Study1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Contents Part 1: Executive Summary 3 Part 2: Issues Identification 4 Part 3: Environmental Root Cause Analysis 5 Part 4: Alternatives and Options 6 Part 5: Recommendations 8 Part 6: Implementation Plan 9 Part 7: Monitor and Control 10 Part 1: Executive Summary With 1988 operating income of $801 million on a revenue of $8.55 billion, American Airlines, Inc. (American), principal subsidiary of Dallas/Fort Worth-based AMR Corporation, was the largest airline in the United States. At year-endRead MoreThe Southwest Airlines By Herb Kelleher And Rollin King And Adopted Its Current Name1744 Words   |  7 Pagescompany if through the S.W.O. T. analysis. The strengths and weaknesses are internal factors while opportunities and threats are external factors. SWOT Analysis Internal External Strengths: †¢ World’s largest low-cost carrier †¢ Free bag check †¢ Among most profitable airline in the world †¢ Excellent customer service †¢ Among best Airlines to work for Opportunities: †¢ Expend international flights †¢ Expand services to include servicesRead MoreAir Asia-Marketing Plan770 Words   |  4 Pages  AIR ASIA Executive Summary   Strategic management has played a key role in the success of many business organizations in the world including airlines and Air Asia is no exception. Commencing in 1996, within fifteen years, Air Asia managed to expand its operations into another ten countries. In addition, through its associate company AsiaX, it launched long-haul low-cost air services from Malaysia to Australia and the United Kingdom. This paper will look at the award winning Malaysian low cost carrier-

Comparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 2123 Words

All throughout history, the role that women play have been overlooked and not thought of as being as important as the men. In reality, the world could not possibly go round if it wasn t for the women and the minor, but crucial roles they play. Although the women in the Epic of Gilgamesh had minor roles, their roles were definitely important. The women, who are Aruru, Shamhat, Ninsun, Siduri, Ishtar, and the wife of Utnapishtim, represents not only great wisdom and power, but also temptation, which the men try no to fall victim to, and ruin. Just like the men in this epic, the women also have powers, of which the men were aware. According to the text, â€Å"the stories that [make up the Epic of Gilgamesh centers] around two major events:†¦show more content†¦According to Hamori, â€Å"Anu responds to the lament of the people of Uruk by summoning Aruru to create a match for Gilgamesh, one equal in strength, in order to contend with him† (627). The purpose of Aruru s cr eation was to not only stop his deviant behavior, but also to show him what he was like, being that Aruru was asked to created someone that s equal to him, basically to mirror himself and show him the harm he was doing to others. The role in which Aruru portrayed in this epic is of course huge. She ended up creating Enkidu, Gilgamesh s best friend. The significance of her character is that of course she is a goddess, which is a woman, and not only that but the goddess of creation. Essentially, between men and women, women are the only ones that have the capability of creating life, which Aruru basically did when she created Endiku from the clay and water. This shows the importance and respect that those of the ancient society had for the role of a woman. Aruru s creation of Enkidu, who was meant to destroy Gilgamesh, turned out to be one of the greatest things to happen. Not only did Enkidu stop his Gilgamesh s rage in which he had been on, he also changed him for the better, becomi ng his best friend, something that he probably needed from the very beginning. If Aruru s character had not been introduced in the story, then

AGL Energy Ltd-Case-Study-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Prepare a Comprehensive report directed to an Australian ASX Top 100 listed Corporation detailing a Critical analysis of the effectiveness of the Corporation to meet the Obligations of the Conceptual Framework of Accounting. Answer: Introduction AGL Energy Ltd has been discerned as one of the most notable Australian public listed company under ASX 100 is responsible for retailing, consideration and generation of electricity for commercial use. The source of the energy generated by AGL has been mainly depicted in form a hydroelectricity, thermal Power, power stations, solar energy and coal steam. It has been depicted that the company is having an overall customer base of 3.6 million both residential and business located in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland. In July 2017, AGL decided to enter commercial gas market sector located in Western Australia (Drew and Dollery 2015). The report has selected AGL Energy Ltd to depict whether the company has been able to meet the objective of theoretical background for reporting. The study will be able to recognise the observance of the company for recognition of assets, liabilities, equities, expenses and revenues. The next section of the study will deal with evaluating the quality of characteristics in the financial report which has been discerned in form of reliability and authenticity in description of the financial events. The last section of the study has been able to depict the excellence characteristics of the report which has shown the comparability and timeliness of information presented in the financial report (Guthrie, Evans and Burritt 2014). Adherence to the objectives of the conceptual framework with its reporting The main governing body of conceptual framework in Australia is Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is responsible for developing financial report in both public and private sectors. The important form of the contributing role of AASB has been taken into consideration with the financial reporting of Australian securities and investment commission at 2001. As per the data published in December 2013, significant number of amendments had brought the existing reporting framework which aimed at improving measurement, presentation, reporting entity and de-recognition. The important amendments have also brought in significant changes in management stewardship associated to several entities (Goodacre, Gaunt and Henry 2017). As per the information depicted in AGL financial report 2017, it has been discerned that the reports are prepared as per the standards prescribed by AASB and all the other types of standards has been acceptable to ASX. The preparation of concise financial statement is done in compliance with Corporations Act 2001 and Accounting Standard AASB 1039 Concise Financial Reports. The report associated to the financial statements is seen to be based on audited report and the same is attached with the AGL financial report 2017. The primary operating segment of the company has been further depicted with group operations, investments and markets. In addition to this, the preparation of the product segments has been done as per Australian Accounting Standard AASB 8 (Lodhia 2015). The company has been seen to report segment information as per internal as structure. This has been seen to be evident with the fact that company has operating segment seen majority locations and margin of AGLs activity exhibited with operating segments taken from variety of expenses group. It has been further discerned that company has implemented the conceptual framework of AASB in terms of recognition and measurement of financial instruments (Henderson et al. 2015). Figure: Information on conceptual framework (Source: Navarro-Garca and Madrid-Guijarro 2014) Adherence with the recognition criteria for reporting Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue and Expenses The significant amount of deviations in the financial instrument has been considered with Australian Accounting Standard AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. This particular standard has been further considered with liabilities and derivatives reported as per fair value and the values in financial statements. Australian Accounting Standard AASB 139 Financial Instruments is seen as the main equity taken into consideration for adjusting the hedging reserve is seen to be effective for conducting hedges and determining any changes in the fair value of the item which is being held at fair value of derivative (Guthrie and Parker 2014). A significant consideration of the deviations of fair value of the derivatives as depicted the need for liquidity adjustment in the hedge reserve. The important form of changes in the value of derivatives in the reported period is seen to be carried as per fair value and considered with P/L statement of the company. It has been furthe r seen that the AGL has restated about the information on adoption of accounting standards for employee benefits which is seen with AASB 119 Employee Benefits in the financial year 2013 (Dellaportas, Kanapathippillai, Khan and Leung 2014). Adherence with the qualitative enhancing characteristics of financial reporting Considering the numerous changes in the current energy system, the financial attention of cost for AGL is considered to be powerful enough with affordable, reliable and orderly depiction of the financial data. The important reflection for deviations in fair value is seen as an added enhancing quality characteristic of financial report. The changes in the fair value of the derivatives along with the periodic reporting it is seen to be based on ineffective hedges and the assets and liabilities has been carried out at fair value for which the acknowledgement of same is needed for the assessment of profit or loss. As per the consideration of AASB 139 definition the results of hedge have been seen with the appropriate outputs for interest rate and foreign exchange rate. The significant variations in the fair value and financial instrument is further seen to be discerned with P/L statement published for the year ended 30 June 2017. The main form of the consistency of the data is evident wi th consideration of total changes in the fair value (Martin- Biondi and Lapsley 2014) It has been further seen that the immersion outcome of the various result discerned with statutory profit and the board has been able to access the statutory profit for different types of non-cash fair value movements. The board has been able to determine the several outcomes of immersion as per long-term and short-term incentives which has been able to ensure that management is not taking any undue advantage by getting things outside their control (Jacobs and Cuganesan 2014). Adherence with enhancing characteristics of financial reporting The comparability aspect of the data has been discerned with resultant value in the present year and comparing the same with previous year. This particular facet has been implemented across several areas of financial reporting including earnings before interest and tax, underlying profits every, net finance cost and income tax benefit. In a similar way, the company has been able to review the operations as per comparing the financial data with previous year. The consideration of the chart for depiction of long-term and short-term incentive has shown the timeliness consideration and proper segregation of the data (COOPER and Guthrie 2017). Furthermore, executive immigration and performance outcomes has been clearly depicted with the results of previous five years of financial data. This has been able to include several aspects of elements such as statutory profit or loss, underlying profit, statutory EPS, underlying EPS, closing price of shares etc. along with the aforementioned eleme nts, the actual growth in the last five years of AGL has been shown with bar diagram. In addition to this, the line chart has been able to give a clear picture of qualitative enhancing characteristics thereby depicting total shareholder return for AGL vs. ASX 100 index from a time period of five years (Benson, Clarkson, Smith and Tutticci 2015). Figure: Using Bar Graph as qualitative enchanting characteristics (Source: Navarro-Garca and Madrid-Guijarro 2014) Figure: Using doughnut graph as qualitative enchanting characteristics (Source: Benson, Clarkson, Smith and Tutticci 2015 Conclusion Based on the analysis of the report the main compliance of the company with Australian conceptual framework is evident. the reports are prepared as per the standards agreed by AASB and all the other types of standards has been acceptable to ASX. The preparation of concise financial statement is done in compliance with Corporations Act 2001 and Accounting Standard AASB 1039 Concise Financial Reports. The acknowledgement of criteria for reporting Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue and Expenses has been prominent with Australian Accounting Standard AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. This particular standard has been further considered with liabilities and derivatives reported as per fair value and the values in financial statements. The various types of characteristics relating to quality of financial reporting has been evident with consideration of affordable, reliable and orderly depiction of the financial data. The important consideration for deviations in fair value is seen as an added enhancing quality characteristic of financial report. Enhancing characteristics of financial reporting is apparent with resultant value in the current year and relating the same with previous year. The presentation of the data has been regarded as an important aspect of quality and this has been prominent with the use of bar graph, doughnut chart and pie chart. References Benson, K., Clarkson, P.M., Smith, T. and Tutticci, I., 2015. A review of accounting research in the Asia Pacific region.Australian Journal of Management,40(1), pp.36-88. Biondi, L. and Lapsley, I., 2014. Accounting, transparency and governance: the heritage assets problem.Qualitative Research in Accounting Management,11(2), pp.146-164. COOPER, B.J. and Guthrie, J., 2017. Post the Watt reviewAustralian business schools and collaboration with industry.Improving collaboration and innovation between industry and business schools in Australia. Dellaportas, S., Kanapathippillai, S., Khan, A. and Leung, P., 2014. Ethics education in the Australian accounting curriculum: A longitudinal study examining barriers and enablers. Accounting Education, 23(4), pp.362-382. Drew, J. and Dollery, B., 2015. Inconsistent depreciation practice and public policymaking: Local government reform in New South Wales.Australian Accounting Review,25(1), pp.28-37. Goodacre, A., Gaunt, C. and Henry, D., 2017. Publication Records of Australian Accounting and Finance Faculty Promoted to Full Professor, Set within an International Context. Guthrie, J. and D. Parker, L., 2014. The global accounting academic: what counts!.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(1), pp.2-14. Guthrie, J., Evans, E. and Burritt, R., 2014. Australian accounting academics: challenges and possibilities.Meditari Accountancy Research,22(1), pp.20-37. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jacobs, K. and Cuganesan, S., 2014. Interdisciplinary accounting research in the public sector: dissolving boundaries to tackle wicked problems.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(8), pp.1250-1256. Lodhia, S., 2015. Exploring the transition to integrated reporting through a practice lens: An Australian customer owned bank perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), pp.585-598. Martin-Sardesai, A., Irvine, H., Tooley, S. and Guthrie, J., 2017. Organizational change in an Australian university: Responses to a research assessment exercise.The British Accounting Review.

Humanism in the Architecture Essay Example For Students

Humanism in the Architecture Essay Throughout history, there have been numerous factors that have influenced the development of western architecture. The most influential factor of classical architecture was humanism. The ideology of humanism is an attitude centered chiefly in the values, interests, and potential of human beings (Webster II New Riverside Dictionary 205). Humanism is what leads to the development of the Classical World as we know it. In the Classical World, that is ancient Greek and Rome, the ideology of humanism had a big impact in these civilizations. Humanism strongly influenced these civilizations arts, and especially their architecture. For example, most ancient Greek buildings have been built to honor the Greek Pantheon, of gods and goddesses. One of the most important Greek buildings is the Parthenon, which was built between 447 and 438 BC. The Parthenon was designed by Aphids, and built by Ictus on the Acropolis of Athens with the purpose to honor the goddess Athena and the people that honored her. Also, the Parthenon frieze and pediment are further evidence that prove the immense influence humanism had on Greek architecture. The Parthenon resize (a horizontal band that runs above the doorways or windows, and that can also be decorated with designs and carvings) is thought to represent the Pancreatic Procession (Parthenon Frieze). This was a festival that was celebrated on the 28th day of a month called Hesitation, and everyone in Athens, including non- residents and slaves (up to a point), was able to participate in numerous activities ranging from musical contests to athletic competitions where men would show off their abilities. This shows that humanism plays a role even in festivals celebrated in hat time period. This holiday was believed to honor the goddess Athena as the citys patron divinity (Religious Life). In addition, the Parthenon east pediment describes the birth of Athena, and the west pediment describes the story of when Athena defeats Poseidon for control over Athens. Furthermore, the Parthenon was turned into a Christian church in the 5th Century AD. The Parthenon was designed to be aesthetically perfect to the human eye. The golden ratio is when the length over width equals to about 1. 6, and this forms the golden rectangle (Golden Ratio). These golden rectangles can be found between the columns of the Parthenon. These strongly relates to humanism because, even though this temple was built to honor the gods, the way it was built was to show off the human ability that the ancient Greeks had (AliasГÂ © 119-135). Moreover, the Temple Nikkei, built to honor the goddess Athena, was built right after the Persian War to celebrate the victory of the Greek city- states over Persia. Even the columns of this building become more beautiful when humanism gets stronger. The columns on the Temple Nikkei are from the Ionic order, ND they differ from the Parthenon Doric-order columns because they have volutes and are thinner (AliasГÂ © 138). This idea of making buildings more perfect is the main influence that the ideology of humanism had on Ancient Greece. However, this civilization NAS not been the only that was intellect De by humanism. In Ancient Rome, humanism influenced this civilizations architecture. However, when Constantine became Romeos Emperor, he accepted Christianity as Romeos official religion, and this had a large impact on Romeos architecture as well. The importance of beauty in the buildings was still critical during this time period. For example, the original Pantheon was built during the 1st Century BC, by Grippe, to honor all the Greek gods. Later on, their names would be changed to more Roman names. It is also important to point out that the columns in the Pantheon are from the Corinthian order, which is the more detailed and ornate out of the three columns. The painting Interior of the Pantheon, by Giovanni Paolo Pain, gives us an idea of how the interior of the Pantheon looked like when light came through the culls (Rampage 219-222). Humanism not only influenced in the building of the Pantheon, but the .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d , .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .postImageUrl , .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d , .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:hover , .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:visited , .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:active { border:0!important; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:active , .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37d4fb3c92a3a3f2caa8a3f298a6f73d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Winnebago Tribe Of Nebraska EssayRoman Baths were also based in this ideology. The Roman baths were part of a day- to-day life in Ancient Rome. The local bath complex was a gathering point and served a very useful community and social function. Here people could relax, keep clean and keep up with the latest news. Also, the larger baths included statues to the gods, and many Romans viewed the springs as sacred and threw valuable items into the springs to please the gods. However, even though the baths were used to honor the gods, the idea of making the baths luxurious and beautiful to the eye is definitely one for people to enjoy. In addition, altar was also built at some baths so that priests could sacrifice animals to the gods. The water from the baths gained a reputation as being able to cure illnesses (Rampage 290-292). The architecture, so beautiful and intricate, of these two buildings, shows the strong impact that humanism had in Ancient Rome. The Pantheon and the Roman baths were created not only to honor the gods, but to please the human eye and serve the Roman citizens, elevating the peoples importance. Furthermore, the ideology of humanism was not the only influence in Roman architecture. The rise of Christianity radically changed the development of Romeos architecture. First, the Pantheon was turned into a church by the early 7th century, after the fall of Rome, which is the reason of why it has remained in such a good condition. In conclusion, numerous factors have strongly influenced the development of architecture throughout the ages. Humanism has been the most influential factor in the development of classical architecture. The ideology of humanism shaped the architecture of the Classical World in a unique way that has survived all the way to modern day society.